1.topple(v.)
1) : to cause (something) to become unsteady and fall
[+ obj] ▪ The strong winds toppled many trees.
[no obj] ▪ The tree toppled into the river.
— often + over ▪ The pile of books toppled over.
2) [+ obj]
a : to remove (a government or a leader) from power
▪ The rebels tried to topple the dictator.
b US : to win a victory over (someone or something) in a war, contest, etc.
▪ The team was toppled [=beaten, defeated] in the first round.
▪ The rebels tried to topple the dictator.
b US : to win a victory over (someone or something) in a war, contest, etc.
▪ The team was toppled [=beaten, defeated] in the first round.
2.spiral(v.)
[no obj] 1) always followed by an adverb or preposition : to move in a circle around a central point while getting closer to or farther away from it : to move in a spiral
▪ Smoke spiraled up from the chimney. ▪ Vultures spiraled [=circled] overhead.
▪ Smoke spiraled up from the chimney. ▪ Vultures spiraled [=circled] overhead.
2) : to greatly increase, decrease, or get worse in a continuous and usually fast and uncontrolled way
▪ The unemployment rate has been spiraling upward. ▪ The stock market is spiraling downward. ▪ spiraling [=rapidly increasing] costs ▪ Let's deal with this crisis before it spirals out of control.
3.repudiate(a.)
▪ The unemployment rate has been spiraling upward. ▪ The stock market is spiraling downward. ▪ spiraling [=rapidly increasing] costs ▪ Let's deal with this crisis before it spirals out of control.
3.repudiate(a.)
[+ obj] formal 1) : to refuse to accept or support (something) : to reject (something or someone)
▪ a generation that has repudiated the values of the past ▪ He has publicly repudiated the government's policies.
▪ a generation that has repudiated the values of the past ▪ He has publicly repudiated the government's policies.
2) : to say or show that (something) is not true
▪ He published an article that repudiates the study's claims. ▪ She says she has evidence which repudiates the allegations.
▪ He published an article that repudiates the study's claims. ▪ She says she has evidence which repudiates the allegations.
*repudiation(n.)
▪ His statements are a repudiation of the government's policies.
4.dormant(a.)
[more dormant; most dormant] : not doing anything at this time : not active but able to become active
▪ a dormant volcano ▪ The seeds will remain/lie dormant until the spring. ▪ Her emotions have lain dormant for many years.
▪ a dormant volcano ▪ The seeds will remain/lie dormant until the spring. ▪ Her emotions have lain dormant for many years.
*dormancy(n.)
▪ The volcano has been in a state of dormancy for many years. ▪ a period of dormancy
5.ascendancy(n.)
[noncount] formal : a position of power in which someone can control or influence other people
▪ the ascendancy of the government ▪ She gained (the) ascendancy in the debate.
▪ the ascendancy of the government ▪ She gained (the) ascendancy in the debate.
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