2013年12月31日 星期二

2013.12.31 word (week17-2)

1.coherent(a.)
[more coherent; most coherent] 1) : logical and well-organized : easy to understand
▪ He proposed the most coherent plan to improve the schools. ▪ a coherent argument/essay
2) : able to talk or express yourself in a clear way that can be easily understood
▪ The drunk man was not coherent. [=understandable]
3) : working closely and well together
▪ They are able to function as a coherent group/team.

2.cohesive(a.)
[more cohesive; most cohesive]
1) : closely united
▪ Their tribe is a small but cohesive group.
2) : causing people to be closely united
▪ Religion can be used as a cohesive social force.
*cohesively ( adv.)
*cohesiveness ( n.) [noncount]
 
3.collude(v.)
[no obj] : to work with others secretly especially in order to do something illegal or dishonest
▪ The two companies had colluded to fix prices.
— often + in or with ▪ She colluded in misleading the public. 
▪ He is accused of colluding with criminals.
 
4.alleviate(v.)
[+ obj] : to reduce the pain or trouble of (something) : to make (something) less painful, difficult, or severe
▪ The doctor tried to alleviate [=relieve] her symptoms/suffering.
*alleviation  (n.) [noncount]
▪ the alleviation of suffering/poverty
 
5.annex(v.)
[+ obj] : to add (an area or region) to a country, state, etc. : to take control of (a territory or place)
▪ The United States annexed Texas in 1845. ▪ The government planned to annex the islands.
*annexation   (n.)  plural
 

2013年12月30日 星期一

2013.12.30 word (week17-1)

1.tardy(n.)
formal
1) : slow in moving, acting, or happening
▪ tardy progress
2)
a : done or happening late
▪ a tardy payment/arrival
b : arriving or doing something late
▪ She was tardy to/for work. ▪ They were tardy in filing the application.
*tardily(adv.)
▪ arrived/responded tardily
*tardiness(n.)
[noncount]
▪ Please excuse my tardiness.

2.asset(n.)
[count] 1) : a valuable person or thing
▪ Good looks can be an asset [=advantage] in an acting career. 
▪ The state's natural assets include mountains and beautiful lakes.
— often + to 
 ▪ Good looks can be an asset to an actor. ▪ She is a great asset to the team. [=she's a valuable member of the team]
2)  : something that is owned by a person, company, etc.
— usually plural 
▪ The company had to sell some of its assets to avoid bankruptcy. ▪ a bank with billions of dollars in assets ▪ business assets and liabilities ▪ They bought the company and stripped it of its assets. [=they sold the property owned by the company]
 
3.bleach(v.)
[+ obj] : to remove color or dirt and stains from (hair, clothing, etc.) especially through the effect of sunlight or by using chemicals : to make (something) whiter or lighter in color
▪ Those pants will look nicer if you bleach them. [=use bleach to make them cleaner and whiter] ▪ bones bleached white by/in the sun ▪ She bleached her hair blonde.


4.solvent(a.)
[more solvent; most solvent] : able to pay debts
▪ He couldn't stay/remain solvent after losing his business.
*(n.)
[count, noncount] technical : a liquid substance that is used to dissolve another substance
▪ turpentine and other solvents


5.cocky(a.)
[also more cocky; most cocky] informal : having or showing confidence in a way that is annoying to other people
▪ a cocky young athlete ▪ Don't get too cocky about your chances of getting the job.
 *cockily(adv.)
▪ She's cockily confident about getting the job.

*cockiness[noncount]

2013年12月27日 星期五

2013.12.27 word (week16-5)

1.repressive(a.)
[more repressive; most repressive] 1) : controlling people by force
▪ a repressive government
2) : not allowing certain feelings or desires to be expressed
▪ a sexually repressive culture
 
2.reverent(a.)
[more reverent; most reverent] formal : showing a lot of respect : very respectful
▪ a reverent crowd of worshippers ▪ a reverent tone of voice
*reverently ( adverb)
▪ They all spoke of her reverently.
 
3.irrevocable(a.)
formal : not capable of being changed : impossible to revoke
▪ She has made an irrevocable decision. ▪ an irrevocable change
 
4.combatant(n.)
[count] : a person, group, or country that fights in a war or battle
▪ Britain was a main/major combatant in World War II. — often used before another noun ▪ combatant ships/nations
 
5.refund(v.)
[+ obj] : to give back money that someone paid for something (such as a product that was returned or a service that was not acceptable)
▪ If you are not completely satisfied, we will refund the purchase price. ▪ We will refund (you) your money. ▪ They refused to refund the ticket. [=to give back the money that I had paid for the ticket]
* refundable  (adj.)
▪ The fee is not refundable. ▪ a refundable security deposit

2013年12月26日 星期四

2013.12.26 note:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (week16)

Note

1. 書名→書寫時不是畫底線就是要斜體

2.湯姆歷險記



The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain is an 1876 novel about a young boy growing up along the Mississippi River. The story is set in the fictional town of St. Petersburg, inspired by Hannibal, Missouri, where Twain lived.









*《湯姆歷險記》的確擁有許多兒童文學經典的共通特質:諸如爭取小讀者認同的孩童主角(child protagonist)、弱勢族群的集結以挑戰權威、領導統禦與兄弟情誼、追求夢想與冒險等暢銷元素。 且書中對於每一個情節,都有合理而深刻的動機描述,讓這本少年成長冒險寫實小說,多了心理層面的深刻。

*許多兒童文學經典的共同點:這些主角們不是孤兒單親就是窮苦無依,要不然就是些極度孤絕的心靈,舉凡像哈利波特(Harry Potter)、《綠野仙蹤》的桃樂絲(Dorothy)、《秘密花園》的瑪麗(Mary Lenox)、爸爸命喪隔壁Mr. McGregor 菜園的彼得兔(Peter Rabbit) 、《小婦人》中的馬爾屈女孩(March girls)或是《漫遊奇境》的愛麗思(Alice)。小孩子最怕的荒涼和孤單,不被認同與沒有反應(unfair and ignore),這本小說也多所著墨:譬如第三章「戰爭與愛情」中被冤枉打破糖罐的湯姆,「遠離那些男孩常聚集的地方,故意走到人煙罕至的荒涼處,以配合他當時尋求孤獨的心情。」或是在第七章「壁虱之戰與失戀」中自覺被湯姆背棄的蓓琪

* 《湯姆歷險記》雖然是本男性成長小說(male bildungsroman),但是從前述湯姆的角色型塑來看,和狄更斯式的(Charles Dickens, 1812-1870)勵志主角卻又不盡相同。美語文學中的男主角,不管大人小孩,大多是逸逃避世的反英雄形象(run-away anti-hero),這多少和美國人是那批逃離母國的清教徒後代有關。例如《李伯大夢》(Rip Van Winkle, 1819)中閃惡妻而逃到後山睡二十年的李伯,躲在華騰湖(Walden, 1862又譯《湖濱散記》)邊思考兩年的梭羅(Henry David Thoreau, 1817-1862),《玻璃動物園》(The Glass Menagerie, 1944)中,窩在電影院裏逃離現實的Tom Wingfield,還是阿普戴克(John Updike, 1932- )的《兔子快跑》系列(Rabbit, Run, 1960)。這種非傳統典型的情節與角色,一如馬克·吐溫的生平,卻是典型的美國故事。
  
*initiation:
Initiation is a rite of passage marking entrance or acceptance into a group or society. It could also be a formal admission to adulthood in a community or one of its formal components. In an extended sense it can also signify a transformation in which the initiate is 'reborn' into a new role. Examples of initiation ceremonies might include Hindu diksha, Christian baptism or confirmation, Jewish bar or bat mitzvah, acceptance into a fraternal organization, secret society or religious order, or graduation from school or recruit training.
*Journey
for example:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz/Alice's Adventures in Wonderland

4.bildungsroman:成長小說
In literary criticism, a Bildungsroman ("novel of formation/education/culture"), novel of formation, novel of education,or coming-of-age story is a literary genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood (coming of age),[3] and in which, therefore, character change is extremely important.

*no moral lesson (西方文學並不注重文以載道)

*for example:
The protagonists in The Secret of Garden, Mary Lennox, and in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Dorothy, turn from a  usual self girls to women who can render charity to others.

5.The Red Shoes




→"The Red Shoes" (Danish: De røde sko) is a fairy tale by Danish poet and author Hans Christian Andersen. The story is about a girl forced to dance continually in her red shoes. "The Red Shoes" has seen adaptations in various media including film.








*Karen was now old enough to be confirmed, she was to have both new frock and new shoes.
*but the old lady did not know that they were red, for she would never have suffered Karen to go to confirmation in red shoes.
→confirm:授堅振禮
[+ obj] : to make (someone) a full member of a church or synagogue : to administer confirmation to (someone)
 — usually used as (be) confirmed 
 ▪ Our son will be confirmed in the spring. 
 ▪ What year were you confirmed?

6.The Wonderful Wizard of Oz 
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, published in 1900, is the first American fairy tale and the first fantasy written by an American to enjoy an immediate success upon publication.















 *OZ
A→O
P→Z(圖書館書卡排序)

*author:
L. Frank Baum
L. Frank Baum (1856-1919) children's author, playwright and journalist wrote the American classic The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. (1900). He also wrote under numerous pseudonyms including Edith Van Dyne (Aunt Jane's Nieces and Mary Louise series), Floyd Akers, Capt. Hugh Fitzgerald, John Estes Cooke, Laura Bancroft, Schuyler Staunton, and Suzanne Metcalf.
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, published in 1900, is the first American fairy tale and the first fantasy written by an American to enjoy an immediate success upon publication

* plot:
The Wizard of Oz is a tale about Dorothy Gale her pet Toto. They were carried away from their home by a strong wind to a new Land of Oz. The two were lost and needed to get back home and in the process, they made enemies and friends. But due to the team work and loyalty of Gale and her pet, their enemies got persuaded to help them achieve their individual wishes.

*main characters
-Tin Woodman:The Tin Woodman first appears in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, joining Dorothy's quest to see the Wizard in order to get a heart-Cowardly Lion:The Cowardly Lion is one of Dorothy Gale's first companions in Oz, joining Dorothy's journey to the Wizard in search of courage. At the end of the book, he becomes King of the Beasts.
-Dorothy Gale:Dorothy Gale is the main character in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and several other of the Oz books. She is depicted as being a young girl from Kansas. After returning to Kansas via the ruby slippers (or silver shoes), she returns to Oz several more times before settling there in The Emerald City of Oz.
-Scarecrow:The Scarecrow first appears in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, when he joins Dorothy to go to the Wizard in search of brains.-Toto:Toto is Dorothy's pet scruffy dog
-Wizard of Oz:The Wizard of Oz is the title character of the first book. In that book, the characters journey to him for assistance with their problems. It is later revealed that he is a humbug circus performer named Oscar Diggs from Omaha, Nebraska; and that he had usurped Ozma's throne with the assistance of Mombi. The Wizard later returns to Oz in the fourth book and later learns real magic from Princess Ozma.

*places:
-Emerald City:The Emerald City is the capital city of the fictional Land of Oz in L. Frank Baum's Oz books, first described in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. The city is sometimes called the City of Emeralds.










-Omaha:Omaha is the largest city in the state of Nebraska. It was the birthplace of the Wizard of Oz before he visited and later emigrated to the Land of Oz.
Formally, Omaha was founded in 1854 by settlers from nearby Council Bluffs, Iowa, though the earliest arrivals dated back to the 1840s. These facts would limit Digg's age at the time of the adventures recorded in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.
*Up In The Air(omaha 是公司總部的據點)

由蒙大拿州(Montana)發源的密蘇里河,流域廣及美國中部和西部10個州,從密蘇里州的聖路易注入密西西比河,是密西西比河的最大支流。河至中游,成為愛荷華州(Iowa)和內布拉斯加州(Nebraska)的天然邊界,州際高速公路I-29縱行東岸,I-80橫走東西,兩條高速公路的交點就是內布拉斯加州的最大城市歐馬哈(Omaha)。





-yellow brick road:The road is introduced in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. The road functions as a guideline for Dorothy to follow, as it leads to the Emerald City where the Wizard is.
→The road of yellow brick is an element in the novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum, with additional such roads appearing in The Marvelous Land of Oz and The Patchwork Girl of Oz. It has a sister road, the Red Brick Road, which leads south to the Country of the Quadlings.

*conflict: Lion, Dorothy, Scarecrow and Tin woodman eager to gain the thing they want.

7.Shirley Temple:
Shirley Temple Black (born Shirley Temple; April 23, 1928) is an American film and television actress, singer, dancer, and former U.S. ambassador to Ghana and Czechoslovakia. She began her film career in 1932 at the age of three, and in 1934, found international fame in Bright Eyes, a feature film designed specifically for her talents.















*A Shirley Temple is a non-alcoholic mixed drink made with ginger ale and a splash of grenadine, garnished with a maraschino cherry. Modern Shirley Temple recipes may substitute lemon-lime soda in part, or in whole, for ginger ale.



















8. three adjectives or objects to describe the character
-cinderella: rag/broom/shoes
-Tin Woodman:oil can/chopper(ax)/trunk

9. the special media especally in transportation used in Fantasy or Bildungsroman
-哆啦A夢:時光機、任意門
-阿拉丁:魔毯(carpet)
-The Wonderful Wizard of Oz : the strong wind

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Word

1.confirm:再次確認(登機前72hr 去 confirm the plane ticket)


2.commencement:畢業典禮

3.
  • cowardly:懦弱的
  • lovely:可愛的
  • friendly:親切的、友善的
  • elderly:年長的
  • dealdly:致命的(seven deadly sins: The seven deadly sins, also known as the capital vices or cardinal sins, is a classification of vices (part of Christian ethics) that has been used since early Christian times to educate and instruct Christians concerning fallen humanity's tendency to sin. In the currently recognized version, the sins are usually given as wrath, greed, sloth, pride, lust, envy, and gluttony.)
       →adj

4.Baptism:  受洗
(水具有洗滌、淨化的含意)


2013.12.26 word (week16-4)

1.mutable(a.)
[more mutable; most mutable] formal : able or likely to change often
▪ mutable opinions ▪ the government's mutable economic policies
 
2.plausible(a.)
[more plausible; most plausible] : possibly true : believable or realistic
▪ a plausible [=possible] conclusion ▪ a plausible excuse ▪ I thought her explanation was perfectly/entirely/completely plausible. [=I believed her explanation]
 
3.potent(a.)
[more potent; most potent] 1)
a : very effective or strong
▪ potent medicine ▪ The tea was potent.
b : having a very powerful effect or influence on someone
▪ He had potent arguments for going to war. ▪ Her story serves as a potent reminder of the dangers of drug use.
2)  of a man : able to have sex
 
4.prudent(a.)
[more prudent; most prudent] : having or showing careful good judgment
▪ He always listened to her prudent advice. ▪ You made a prudent choice/decision. ▪ She's a prudent investor.
 
5.refute(v.)
[+ obj] formal 1) : to prove that (something) is not true
▪ The lawyer refuted the testimony of the witness. ▪ refute an argument/claim
2 ) : to say that (something) is not true
▪ He refuted [=denied] the rumor about him. ▪ He refutes the notion that he's planning to retire soon. ▪ She refuted the allegations against her.

2013年12月25日 星期三

2013.12.25 word (week16-3)

1.disputable(a.)
[more disputable; most disputable] : not yet proved or shown to be true : likely to be questioned or doubted 
▪ The source of the text is disputable. [=debatable] 
▪ a disputable claim ▪ The conclusion was based ondisputable [=questionable] evidence. 

 
2.edible(a.)
: suitable or safe to eat
▪ edible fruit ▪ a plant with edible leaves ▪ All of the decorations on the gingerbread house were edible.


3.extricate(v.)

[+ obj] : to free or remove (someone or something) from something (such as a trap or a difficult situation)
▪ Several survivors were extricated from the wreckage. ▪ They extricated the tractor from the mud. ▪ She hasn't been able to extricate herself from her legal problems.
 
4.tangible(a.)
1) : easily seen or recognized
▪ tangible benefits/results ▪ There is no tangible evidence to support her claim.
2) : able to be touched or felt
▪ tangible objects ▪ the company's tangible assets [=its buildings, equipment, etc.] ▪ Their sense of relief was almost tangible.
 
5.urbane(a.)

[more urbane; most urbane] 1) : polite and confident
▪ an urbane diplomat ▪ The dialogue is witty and urbane.
2) : fashionable and somewhat formal
▪ the hotel's urbane sophistication

2013年12月24日 星期二

2013.12.24 word (week16-2)

1.fruitless(a.)
: producing no good results : not successful
▪ They made a fruitless attempt to find a solution.
*fruitlessly (adv.)
▪ They argued fruitlessly.
*fruitlessness [noncount]
 
2.decimate(v.)
[+ obj] 1) : to destroy a large number of (plants, animals, people, etc.)
▪ This kind of moth is responsible for decimating thousands of trees in our town. 
— usually used as (be) decimated 
▪ The bay's lobsters have been decimated by disease. 
▪ The village/population was decimated by plague.
2)  : to severely damage or destroy a large part of (something)
▪ Budget cuts have decimated public services in small towns. 
— usually used as (be) decimated 
▪ The landscape is decimated by pollution.
 *decimation  (noun)

3.unwind(v.)
1) : to move the end of something (such as a piece of string) that is wound in a roll, coil, etc., so that it becomes straight
[+ obj] 
▪ She unwound some thread from the spool.
[no obj] 
▪ The fishing line unwound quickly.
2) [no obj] : to relax and stop thinking about work, problems, etc.
▪ I wanted to unwind after a hard day.
 
4.patronage(n.)
[noncount]
1) : money and support that is given to an artist, organization, etc.
▪ The college relied on the patronage of its wealthy graduates to expand its funds.
2) chiefly US, somewhat formal : support that is given to a business, library, etc., by buying its goods or using its services
▪ The city should do more to encourage patronage of local businesses.
3) often disapproving : the power to give jobs or provide other help to people as a reward for their support
▪ a system of political patronage
 
5.comply(v.)
[no obj] : to do what you have been asked or ordered to do
▪ I asked the waitress to refill my coffee cup and she happily complied.  
— often + with 
▪ You still have not complied with our request. [=have not done what we requested you to do]
 
 

2013年12月23日 星期一

2013.12.23 word (week16-1)

1.morsel(n.)
[count] : a small piece of food
▪ She ate every morsel. ▪ a tasty/delicious morsel
 — often used figuratively ▪ a juicy morsel of gossip
 
2.taint(v.)
[+ obj] 1) : to hurt or damage the good condition of (something)
 — often used as (be) tainted ▪ The reputation of the university has been tainted [=blemished, marred] by athletic scandals.
2) : to make (something) dangerous or dirty especially by adding something harmful or undesirable to it
▪ Bacteria had tainted [=contaminated, spoiled] the meat.
— often used as (be) tainted 
▪ The water had been tainted by pesticides.
*tainted (a.)
▪ tainted food
 
3.vaterant(n.)
[count] 1) : someone who fought in a war as a soldier, sailor, etc.
▪ a Navy veteran —called also (US, informal) vet
2) : someone who has a lot of experience in a particular activity, job, etc. 
▪ He's a 10-year veteran with/of the team.
*veteran (adj.)
▪ a veteran politician ▪ veteran police officers
 
4.deputy(n.)
[count] 1) : an important assistant who helps the person who the leader of a government, organization, etc.
▪ (US) a sheriff's deputy [=an assistant who helps a sheriff enforce the law]
— often used before another noun 
▪ a deputy sheriff ▪ She's now the department's deputy director. ▪ a deputy mayor
2) : a member of Parliament in some countries
 
5.pathological(a.)
1) : extreme in a way that is not normal or that shows an illness or mental problem
▪ He is a pathological liar/gambler. ▪ She has a pathological fear of heights.
2) medical : relating to or caused by disease
▪ a pathological condition ▪ pathological changes in the body
3) technical : of or relating to the study of diseases : relating to pathology
▪ a pathological study ▪ pathological research/findings
* pathologically (adv.)
▪ a pathologically greedy person



2013年12月20日 星期五

2013.12.20 word (week15-5)

1.groundbreaking(a.)
[more groundbreaking; most groundbreaking] : introducing new ideas or methods
▪ She was honored for her groundbreaking work in nuclear physics.
▪ a groundbreaking new book
 
2.gauge(n.)
1) [count] : an instrument that is used for measuring something
▪ a temperature/rain gauge ▪ the fuel/gas gauge
2) [count] : something that can be used to measure or judge something else
 — usually singular — often + of 
▪ He does not believe that these tests are an accurate gauge of intelligence. 
3) [noncount] : the distance between the rails of a railroad 
▪ a standard/broad/narrow gauge railroad
4) [noncount] : the thickness of something (such as a sheet of metal) or the diameter of wire or a screw 
▪ 20-gauge wire
▪ heavy gauge aluminum

5) [noncount] : the size of a shotgun based on how big the inside of the barrel is
▪ a 12-gauge shotgun


3.nerd(n.)
[count] informal + usually disapproving
1) : a person who behaves awkwardly around other people and usually has unstylish clothes, hair, etc.
▪ He dresses like a nerd.
2) : a person who is very interested in technical subjects, computers, etc.
▪ My brother is a computer nerd. [=geek] ▪ a grammar nerd
 
 *nerdiness (n.)
▪ She was embarrassed by her sister's nerdiness.


* nerdish   (a.)
▪ a nerdish teenager
 
*nerdy (a.)
▪ She wears nerdy glasses. ▪ He plays a nerdy scientist in the movie.
 
4.dabble(v.)
1) [no obj] : to take part in an activity in a way that is not serious 
 — usually + in 
 ▪ She works as an accountant but dabbles in poetry.  
2) : to play or move around in water
[no obj] ▪ The ducks dabbled in the stream.
[+ obj] ▪ She sat by the pool, dabbling her feet in the cool water.
 
*dabbler ( n.)
[count] ▪ a dabbler in politics
 
5.underdog(n.)
[count] 1) : a person, team, etc., that is expected to lose a contest or battle
▪ I always root for the underdog instead of the favorite.
2)  : a less powerful person or thing that struggles against a more powerful person or thing (such as a corporation)
▪ As a lawyer, she consistently represented the underdog.


2013年12月19日 星期四

2013.12.19 note: The Brothers Grimm (week15)

Note

1. Deutschmarks















*Deutsch: Deutsch is the German language word for German.(德意志)

2.Frog Prince



















*"The Frog Prince; or, Iron Henry"is a fairy tale, best known through the Brothers Grimm's written version; traditionally it is the first story in their collection.
*In the tale, a spoiled princess reluctantly befriends a frog (possibly meeting him after dropping a gold ball into his pond), who magically transforms into a handsome prince. Although in modern versions the transformation is invariably triggered by the princess kissing the frog, in the original Grimm version of the story the frog's spell was broken when the princess threw it against a wall in disgust.

3.Martin Luder
seminal figure of a reform movement in 16th century Christianity, subsequently known as the Protestant Reformation

*Luther taught that salvation and subsequently eternity in heaven is not earned by good deeds but is received only as a free gift of God's grace through faith in Jesus Christ as redeemer from sin and subsequently eternity in hell.

*His translation of the Bible into the vernacular (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, which had a tremendous impact on the church and on German culture.

*It fostered the development of a standard version of the German language, added several principles to the art of translation,[4] and influenced the writing of an English translation, the King James Bible.

4.Mother Teresa
Mother Teresa founded the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic religious congregation, which in 2012 consisted of over 4,500 sisters and is active in 133 countries. They run hospices and homes for people with HIV/AIDS, leprosy and tuberculosis; soup kitchens; children's and family counseling programmes; orphanages; and schools. Members of the order must adhere to the vows of chastity, poverty and obedience, and the fourth vow, to give "Wholehearted and Free service to the poorest of the poor".

5.Hensel and Gretel:糖果屋


















"Hansel and Gretel"  is a well-known fairy tale of German origin, recorded by the Brothers Grimm and published in 1812. Hansel and Gretel are a young brother and sister threatened by a cannibalistic witch living deep in the forest in a house constructed of cake and confectionery. The two children save their lives by outwitting her.

6.酉陽雜俎
*灰姑娘原版--《酉陽雜俎》·續集卷一<葉限>

7.Mendelssohn
Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy , born and widely known as Felix Mendelssohn,[nwas a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early Romantic period.

















8. famous directors
*黑澤明










→日本知名導演。一生共執導了三十部電影,其中許多具有世界知名與影響力,如《羅生門》、《七武士》、《大鏢客》、《天國與地獄》、《德蘇烏扎拉》、《影武者》、《亂》等代表作。是使日本電影走向國際化的重要導演,也是日本近代電影史的重要人物,被譽為「電影界的莎士比亞」。




*小津安二郎
→小津安二郎(1903年12月12日-1963年12月12日),日本知名導演,生於東京都深川。1923年進入松竹映畫的蒲田攝影所當攝影助理,在1927年正式升格為導演。早期他廣泛的拍攝各類影片,其中又以青春喜劇類居多。戰後則主力於以一般庶民日常生活為主的小市民電影,尤其以《晚春》、《東京物語》為他一生中的代表作。此外他以低視角仰視拍攝方式獨樹一格,也成為後來導演的效法學習對象。







*Ingmar Bergman



→Ernst Ingmar Bergman(14 July 1918 – 30 July 2007) was a Swedish director, writer and producer for film, stage and television. He is recognized as one of the most accomplished and influential film directors of all time.



9.Wolverine
Wolverine is a fictional character, a superhero that appears in comic books published by Marvel Comics. Born James Howlett and commonly known as Logan.
 














10.Hark! The Herald Angels Sing
"Hark! The Herald Angels Sing" is a Christmas carol.
*Obama speech and all the singers singing "Hark The Herald"

11.Rapunzel(長髮公主)
















*the story adapted from Danae and Zeus
→The works are based on the mythological princess Danaë. According to Ovid she was isolated in a bronze dungeon following a prophecy that her firstborn would eventually kill her father.[3] Although aware of the consequences, Danaë was seduced and became pregnant by Zeus (in Roman mythology Jupiter), who, inflamed by lust, descended from Mount Olympus to entice her as a shower of gold.

12.semiotics:記號學
Semiotics, also called semiotic studies and including (in the Saussurean tradition) semiology, is the study of signs and sign processes (semiosis), indication, designation, likeness, analogy, metaphor, symbolism, signification, and communication. Semiotics is closely related to the field of linguistics, which, for its part, studies the structure and meaning of language more specifically. However, as different from linguistics, semiotics also studies non-linguistic sign systems
*golden shower(Danae and Zeus)
*Phallus( "phallic symbol")
Such symbols often represent the fertility and cultural implications that are associated with the male sexual organ, as well as the male orgasm.
For example: high tower in Rapunzel

12. sleeping beauty














*The story is adapted from the mythology, golden apple, which talks about that Zeus held a banquet in celebration of the marriage of Peleus and Thetis. Eris, the goddess of discord, was not invited for her troublesome nature, and upon turning up uninvited, she threw a golden apple into the ceremony, with an inscription that read: ΤΗΙ ΚΑΛΛΙΣΤΗΙ ("for/to the most beautiful").
*spindle→phallus symbol


Word

1.what  is in your mind?
→你在想些什麼?

2.ab- (negative meaning)
*abolition:廢棄;廢除黑奴制度
*abortion:墮胎
*abort:退出:捨棄
1) [+ obj] : to end a pregnancy deliberately by causing the death of the fetus
▪ They decided to abort the pregnancy. ▪ abort a fetus
2) : to stop something before it is completed because of problems or danger
[+ obj] ▪ abort the launch of a rocket ▪ I suggest that you abort the project. 
[no obj] ▪ When problems occurred during the launch, it was necessary to abort.
*abominate:鄙棄;憎惡(v.)
[+ obj] formal : to feel great hatred for (someone or something)
▪ a politician who is revered by his supporters and abominated by his enemies
 
3. protest(v.)
1 )
a : to show or express strong disagreement with or disapproval of something
[no obj] ▪ The victim's family protested at/against the judge's sentence.
[+ obj] (US) ▪ The coach protested the referee's call.
b  : to show or express strong disapproval of something at a public event with other people
[no obj] ▪ Students protested at the civil rights rally.
[+ obj] (US) ▪ Peace activists protested the war.

2) [+ obj] : to say (something that other people do not agree with or believe) in a forceful way
▪ The defendant protested [=declared] his innocence in court.

*protester/protestor  (n.) [count]
▪ student protesters
 
4. riot(n.)
1) [count] : a situation in which a large group of people behave in a violent and uncontrolled way
▪ The news about the election caused/started/sparked a riot in the city.
2) [singular] : a place that is filled with something
▪ The field was a riot of wildflowers. [=the field was filled with many kinds of wildflowers]
3) [singular] informal : someone or something that is very funny
▪ She's a riot. ▪ The movie was an absolute riot.
*read (someone) the riot act
: to speak in an angry and critical way to (someone who has done something wrong) : to tell (someone) that bad behavior will be severely punished if it continues
▪ His boss read him the riot act for making careless mistakes.
*run riot
: to behave in a violent and uncontrolled way
▪ People were running riot in the streets.
— often used figuratively ▪ Crazy thoughts were running riot through my head.
 
5.peculiar(something unusual/strange)(a.)
[more peculiar; most peculiar]

1) : not usual or normal : strange
▪ It seems peculiar that he would leave town and not tell anybody.
2) not used before a noun, Brit, informal : not well : somewhat ill
▪ He's feeling peculiar.
peculiar to
: of, relating to, or found in (only one person, thing, or place)
▪ a custom peculiar to America [=a custom that is found only in America]
*peculiarly (adv.)
▪ The movie has a peculiarly [=distinctively, uniquely, particularly] American quality.
 
6.rotation(n.)
1)
a [noncount] : the act or process of moving or turning around a central point
▪ the rotation of the Earth around its axis
b [count] : a complete turn around a central point
▪ The Earth makes one rotation every day.
2)
a [noncount] : the act of regularly changing something by replacing it with something else
▪ crop rotation ▪ Alfalfa and corn are planted in rotation.
b : the act of regularly changing the place or position of things or people so that each takes the place of another [noncount] ▪ the rotation of the job of club president [count]
3) [count] US : the group of people who take turns doing something
▪ Where are we in the rotation? [=when is it our turn?]
▪ (baseball) The team has a good (starting) rotation. [=group of pitchers who start games]
*rotational (a.)
▪ the rotational axis ▪ rotational motion
 
7.attend(v.)→attendent(n.)
   contest(v.)→contendant(n.)
   apply(v.)→applicant(n.)
 
8.approximate(a.)
: almost correct or exact
▪ This is the approximate location of the ancient city.

* approximately (adv.)
▪ The repair should cost approximately [=about, around, roughly] $200.