2014.01.07 word (week18-2)

1.consol(v.)

[+ obj] : to try to make (someone) feel less sadness or disappointment
▪ She consoled [=comforted] him after his wife died. ▪ Nothing could console her after his death.

 — often + with ▪ I consoled myself with the thought that things could be much worse.

 

2.conspicuous(a.)

[more conspicuous; most conspicuous]

1) : very easy to see or notice
▪ There were a number of conspicuous changes to the building. ▪ The sign was placed in a very conspicuous spot/position. ▪ The bird has a conspicuous red head. ▪ She felt very conspicuous in her pink coat. ▪ He was uncomfortable about his conspicuous weight gain. ▪ The President was conspicuous by his absence at the peace talks. [=his absence was very noticeable; people had expected him to be there and noticed that he wasn't] 

2) : attracting attention by being great or impressive
▪ The business was a conspicuous success. ▪ conspicuous bravery

 

3.corporeal(a.)

[more corporeal; most corporeal] formal : having or consisting of a physical body or form
▪ corporeal existence ▪ the corporeal nature of matter

4.credulous(a.)

[more credulous; most credulous] : too ready to believe things : easily fooled or cheated
▪ Few people are credulous enough to believe such nonsense. ▪ a credulous audience

 

5.decent(a.)

[more decent; most decent] 1)

a : polite, moral, and honest
▪ I don't understand how so decent a person could be involved with this kind of crime.

b somewhat informal : showing kindness : seeming to care about the feelings or problems of other people
▪ It's really decent [=nice, thoughtful] of them to help us like this. ▪ I apologized for the damage to his car, and he was pretty decent [=understanding] about it.

2) : good enough but not the best : adequate or acceptable
▪ She's a decent [=fairly good] tennis player. ▪ They can't afford decent [=adequate] housing.

3) : appropriate or suitable
▪ I know you've got a lot to do, but try to get to bed at a decent hour. [=at a time that is not too late at night] ▪ We were asked to wait a decent interval [=wait for an appropriate amount of time] before making the announcement.

4) : not using language that offends people : not including behavior or ideas that people commonly find offensive
▪ Please keep your jokes decent—there are children in the room.

5) informal : wearing enough clothes : wearing clothes that cover enough of your body so that you are not embarrassed if someone sees you
▪ I can't come to the door right now—I'm not decent. Wait a minute, OK? ▪ Can I come in? Are you decent?

 

2014.01.06 word (week18-1)

1.amoral(a.)

[more amoral; most amoral] : having or showing no concern about whether behavior is morally right or wrong
▪ amoral politicians ▪ He is an amoral, selfish person pursuing his own goals. ▪ a cynical and amoral way of competing for business

2.pathetic(a.)

[more pathetic; most pathetic] 1) : causing feelings of sadness and sympathy
▪ I could hear her pathetic [=pitiful] cries for help. ▪ The blind, old dog was a pathetic sight.

2) informal + disapproving : very bad, poor, weak, etc.
▪ The team was pretty bad last year, but this year they're downright pathetic. ▪ The story he told was a pathetic attempt to cover up a lie. ▪ a pathetic excuse ▪ His car is a pathetic piece of junk.

 *pathetically  (adverb )
▪ The child cried pathetically.

3.alienat(v.)

[+ obj] 1 ) : to make (someone) unfriendly : to cause (someone) to stop being friendly, helpful, etc., towards you
▪ He alienated most of his colleagues with his bad temper. ▪ Her position on this issue has alienated many former supporters.

2) : to cause (someone) to feel that she or he no longer belongs in a particular group, society, etc.

 — + from ▪ Her position on this issue has alienated her from many voters. ▪ His drug problems have alienated him from his parents.

 

4.compatible(a.)

[more compatible; most compatible] 1) : able to exist together without trouble or conflict : going together well
▪ compatible colors ▪ two people with compatible personalities ▪ My roommate and I are very compatible. [=we get along very well] ▪ Our tastes are not compatible. [=we like very different things] ▪ a policy that is compatible with my beliefs [=that agrees with my beliefs]

2 ) of devices and especially computers : able to be used together
▪ compatible computers ▪ compatible systems ▪ This printer is compatible with most PCs.

 

5.competent(a.)

[more competent; most competent] 1)  : having the necessary ability or skills : able to do something well or well enough to meet a standard
▪ a competent [=capable] teacher ▪ She is a competent [=adequate] portrait painter but she excels with landscapes.

2) law : able to take part in a trial
▪ The defendant was declared competent to stand trial. ▪ a competent witness

 

 

 

 

2013.01.03 word (week17-5)

1.symbiosis(n.)
1)  biology : the relationship between two different kinds of living things that live together and depend on each other [count]
 — usually singular ▪ The bacteria exist in a symbiosis with the plant's roots. [noncount] ▪ The bird lives in symbiosis with the hippopotamus.

2) formal : a relationship between two people or groups that work with and depend on each other [count] — usually singular ▪ There is a symbiosis between celebrities and the media. [noncount]

 ▪ Their professional association was one of symbiosis.

 

2.symmetry(n.)

[noncount] : the quality of something that has two sides or halves that are the same or very close in size, shape, and position : the quality of having symmetrical parts
▪ the symmetry of the human body ▪ The building has perfect symmetry.

 

3.anaesthesia(n.)

[noncount] medical : loss of feeling in a person's body or part of the body through the use of drugs
▪ The patient was given an injection to induce anesthesia.

▪ patients who are under general anesthesia [=patients who have been given drugs that make them unconscious and unable to feel pain]

 

4.atrophy(n.)

[noncount] medical : gradual loss of muscle or flesh usually because of disease or lack of use
▪ The doctor is concerned about possible atrophy of the shoulder muscles.

— often used figuratively ▪ emotional/intellectual atrophy [=loss of emotional/intellectual strength]

 

5.chromatic(a.)

music : of or relating to a musical scale that has all semitones
▪ chromatic harmonies/notes ▪ the chromatic scale

2014.01.02 word (week17-4)

1.submerge(v.)
1) [+ obj] : to make (someone or something) go under the surface of water or some other liquid : to cover (someone or something) with a liquid
▪ After boiling the broccoli, submerge it in ice water to stop the cooking process. ▪ The town was submerged by the flood.

2)  [no obj] : to go underwater
▪ We watched as the divers prepared to submerge.

3) [+ obj] : to make (yourself) fully involved in an activity or interest
▪ After his sister died, he submerged [=immersed] himself in his work. ▪ She's a marvelous actress who submerges herself totally in her roles.

4) [+ obj] : to keep (emotions, opinions, etc.) from being openly shown or expressed
▪ It's a job where you'll have to submerge [=suppress] your ego and do what you're told. ▪ The passion is there in the music, though it's often submerged.

*submerged ( adj.)
▪ Some seals can stay submerged for an hour. ▪ tales of a submerged city in the Mediterranean Sea

 

2.succumb(v.)

[no obj] somewhat formal

1) : to stop trying to resist something
▪ They will pressure you, and you must try not to succumb.

 — often + to 

▪ Try not to succumb to the pressure. ▪ It's easy to succumb [=give in] to the temptation to oversimplify this kind of problem.

2) : to die
▪ The patient eventually succumbed.

— usually + to 

 ▪ He succumbed to his injuries. [=he died because of his injuries] ▪ She fought a good fight but finally succumbed to cancer.

 

3.suffocate(v.)

1)

a [no obj] : to die because you are unable to breathe
▪ Don't put that pillow over her face—she could suffocate.

b [+ obj] : to kill (someone) by making breathing impossible
▪ She was afraid that thick pillows and blankets could suffocate [=smother] the baby. 

2)  [no obj] : to be uncomfortable because there is not enough fresh air — usually used as (be) suffocating ▪ We were suffocating in the stuffy boardroom.

 

4.surreptitious(a.)

: done in a secret way
▪ She had a surreptitious relationship with her employee. ▪ a surreptitious glance

*surreptitiously ( adv.)
▪ He contacted her surreptitiously.

*surreptitiousness noun [noncount]

 

5.synchronous(a.)

formal + technical : happening, moving, or existing at the same time
▪ synchronous developments/movements

2014.01.01 word (week17-3)

1.assortment(n.)

[count] : a group or collection of different things or people
▪ an assortment of vegetables ▪ The book has a wonderful assortment of characters. ▪ You can choose from a wide assortment of options.

 

2.collateral

(n.)

[noncount] : something that you promise to give someone if you cannot pay back a loan
▪ She put up her house as collateral for the loan. [=she agreed that she would give up her house if she did not repay the loan]

(a.)

formal : related but not in a direct or close way
▪ collateral relatives ▪ the collateral effects of the government's policies

 

3.commensurate(a.)

formal : equal or similar to something in size, amount, or degree
▪ The increase in demand caused a commensurate [=proportionate] increase in prices. ▪ Her new position came with a commensurate level of responsibility.

— often + with ▪ The punishment should be commensurate with the offense.

* commensurately (adv.)
▪ a luxury hotel with commensurately high prices

 

 

4.correspond(v.)

[no obj] 1) : to be similar or equal to something
▪ In some countries, the role of president corresponds to that of prime minister. ▪ the joints on a horse that correspond to the human knees

2) : to have a direct relationship to or with something
▪ Each number corresponds to a location on the map. ▪ His statements do not correspond to/with the facts. [=do not match the facts] ▪ We'll revise the schedule to correspond with the school calendar.

3)  somewhat formal : to write to someone or to each other
▪ We haven't corresponded in years. [=we have not written letters/e-mails to each other for years]

— often + with ▪ She still corresponded regularly with friends she met in college.

 

5.obloquy(v.)

[noncount] formal 1)  : harsh or critical statements about someone
▪ a victim of hatred and obloquy

2) : the condition of someone who lost the respect of other people
▪ For years they endured the obloquy [=shame] that follows scandal.

2013.12.31 word (week17-2)

1.coherent(a.)

[more coherent; most coherent] 1) : logical and well-organized : easy to understand
▪ He proposed the most coherent plan to improve the schools. ▪ a coherent argument/essay

2) : able to talk or express yourself in a clear way that can be easily understood
▪ The drunk man was not coherent. [=understandable]

3) : working closely and well together
▪ They are able to function as a coherent group/team.

2.cohesive(a.)

[more cohesive; most cohesive]

1) : closely united
▪ Their tribe is a small but cohesive group.

2) : causing people to be closely united
▪ Religion can be used as a cohesive social force.

*cohesively ( adv.)

*cohesiveness ( n.) [noncount]

 

3.collude(v.)

[no obj] : to work with others secretly especially in order to do something illegal or dishonest
▪ The two companies had colluded to fix prices.

— often + in or with ▪ She colluded in misleading the public. 

▪ He is accused of colluding with criminals.

 

4.alleviate(v.)

[+ obj] : to reduce the pain or trouble of (something) : to make (something) less painful, difficult, or severe
▪ The doctor tried to alleviate [=relieve] her symptoms/suffering.

*alleviation  (n.) [noncount]
▪ the alleviation of suffering/poverty

 

5.annex(v.)

[+ obj] : to add (an area or region) to a country, state, etc. : to take control of (a territory or place)
▪ The United States annexed Texas in 1845. ▪ The government planned to annex the islands.

*annexation   (n.)  plural

 

2013.12.30 word (week17-1)

1.tardy(n.)
formal
1) : slow in moving, acting, or happening
▪ tardy progress

2)

a : done or happening late
▪ a tardy payment/arrival
b : arriving or doing something late
▪ She was tardy to/for work. ▪ They were tardy in filing the application.

*tardily(adv.)
▪ arrived/responded tardily

*tardiness(n.)

[noncount]
▪ Please excuse my tardiness.

2.asset(n.)

[count] 1) : a valuable person or thing
▪ Good looks can be an asset [=advantage] in an acting career. 

▪ The state's natural assets include mountains and beautiful lakes.

— often + to 

 ▪ Good looks can be an asset to an actor. ▪ She is a great asset to the team. [=she's a valuable member of the team]

2)  : something that is owned by a person, company, etc.

— usually plural 

▪ The company had to sell some of its assets to avoid bankruptcy. ▪ a bank with billions of dollars in assets ▪ business assets and liabilities ▪ They bought the company and stripped it of its assets. [=they sold the property owned by the company]

 

3.bleach(v.)

[+ obj] : to remove color or dirt and stains from (hair, clothing, etc.) especially through the effect of sunlight or by using chemicals : to make (something) whiter or lighter in color
▪ Those pants will look nicer if you bleach them. [=use bleach to make them cleaner and whiter] ▪ bones bleached white by/in the sun ▪ She bleached her hair blonde.

4.solvent(a.)

[more solvent; most solvent] : able to pay debts
▪ He couldn't stay/remain solvent after losing his business.

*(n.)

[count, noncount] technical : a liquid substance that is used to dissolve another substance
▪ turpentine and other solvents

5.cocky(a.)

[also more cocky; most cocky] informal : having or showing confidence in a way that is annoying to other people
▪ a cocky young athlete ▪ Don't get too cocky about your chances of getting the job.

 *cockily(adv.)
▪ She's cockily confident about getting the job.

*cockiness[noncount]

2013.12.27 word (week16-5)

1.repressive(a.)

[more repressive; most repressive] 1) : controlling people by force
▪ a repressive government

2) : not allowing certain feelings or desires to be expressed
▪ a sexually repressive culture

 

2.reverent(a.)

[more reverent; most reverent] formal : showing a lot of respect : very respectful
▪ a reverent crowd of worshippers ▪ a reverent tone of voice

*reverently ( adverb)
▪ They all spoke of her reverently.

 

3.irrevocable(a.)

formal : not capable of being changed : impossible to revoke
▪ She has made an irrevocable decision. ▪ an irrevocable change

 

4.combatant(n.)

[count] : a person, group, or country that fights in a war or battle
▪ Britain was a main/major combatant in World War II. — often used before another noun ▪ combatant ships/nations

 

5.refund(v.)

[+ obj] : to give back money that someone paid for something (such as a product that was returned or a service that was not acceptable)
▪ If you are not completely satisfied, we will refund the purchase price. ▪ We will refund (you) your money. ▪ They refused to refund the ticket. [=to give back the money that I had paid for the ticket]

* refundable  (adj.)
▪ The fee is not refundable. ▪ a refundable security deposit

2013.12.26 word (week16-4)

1.mutable(a.)

[more mutable; most mutable] formal : able or likely to change often
▪ mutable opinions ▪ the government's mutable economic policies

 

2.plausible(a.)

[more plausible; most plausible] : possibly true : believable or realistic
▪ a plausible [=possible] conclusion ▪ a plausible excuse ▪ I thought her explanation was perfectly/entirely/completely plausible. [=I believed her explanation]

 

3.potent(a.)

[more potent; most potent] 1)

a : very effective or strong
▪ potent medicine ▪ The tea was potent.
b : having a very powerful effect or influence on someone
▪ He had potent arguments for going to war. ▪ Her story serves as a potent reminder of the dangers of drug use.

2)  of a man : able to have sex

 

4.prudent(a.)

[more prudent; most prudent] : having or showing careful good judgment
▪ He always listened to her prudent advice. ▪ You made a prudent choice/decision. ▪ She's a prudent investor.

 

5.refute(v.)

[+ obj] formal 1) : to prove that (something) is not true
▪ The lawyer refuted the testimony of the witness. ▪ refute an argument/claim

2 ) : to say that (something) is not true
▪ He refuted [=denied] the rumor about him. ▪ He refutes the notion that he's planning to retire soon. ▪ She refuted the allegations against her.

2013.12.25 word (week16-3)

1.disputable(a.)
[more disputable; most disputable] : not yet proved or shown to be true : likely to be questioned or doubted 
▪ The source of the text is disputable. [=debatable] ▪ a disputable claim ▪ The conclusion was based ondisputable [=questionable] evidence. 
 
2.edible(a.)
: suitable or safe to eat
▪ edible fruit ▪ a plant with edible leaves ▪ All of the decorations on the gingerbread house were edible.

3.extricate(v.)

[+ obj] : to free or remove (someone or something) from something (such as a trap or a difficult situation)
▪ Several survivors were extricated from the wreckage. ▪ They extricated the tractor from the mud. ▪ She hasn't been able to extricate herself from her legal problems.

 

4.tangible(a.)

1) : easily seen or recognized
▪ tangible benefits/results ▪ There is no tangible evidence to support her claim.

2) : able to be touched or felt
▪ tangible objects ▪ the company's tangible assets [=its buildings, equipment, etc.] ▪ Their sense of relief was almost tangible.

 

5.urbane(a.)

[more urbane; most urbane] 1) : polite and confident
▪ an urbane diplomat ▪ The dialogue is witty and urbane.

2) : fashionable and somewhat formal
▪ the hotel's urbane sophistication

2013.12.24 word (week16-2)

1.fruitless(a.)
: producing no good results : not successful
▪ They made a fruitless attempt to find a solution.

*fruitlessly (adv.)
▪ They argued fruitlessly.

*fruitlessness [noncount]

 

2.decimate(v.)

[+ obj] 1) : to destroy a large number of (plants, animals, people, etc.)
▪ This kind of moth is responsible for decimating thousands of trees in our town. 

— usually used as (be) decimated 

▪ The bay's lobsters have been decimated by disease. 

▪ The village/population was decimated by plague.

2)  : to severely damage or destroy a large part of (something)
▪ Budget cuts have decimated public services in small towns. 

— usually used as (be) decimated 

▪ The landscape is decimated by pollution.

 *decimation  (noun)

3.unwind(v.)
1) : to move the end of something (such as a piece of string) that is wound in a roll, coil, etc., so that it becomes straight
[+ obj] 
▪ She unwound some thread from the spool.
[no obj] 
▪ The fishing line unwound quickly.

2) [no obj] : to relax and stop thinking about work, problems, etc.
▪ I wanted to unwind after a hard day.

 

4.patronage(n.)

[noncount]

1) : money and support that is given to an artist, organization, etc.
▪ The college relied on the patronage of its wealthy graduates to expand its funds.

2) chiefly US, somewhat formal : support that is given to a business, library, etc., by buying its goods or using its services
▪ The city should do more to encourage patronage of local businesses.

3) often disapproving : the power to give jobs or provide other help to people as a reward for their support
▪ a system of political patronage

 

5.comply(v.)

[no obj] : to do what you have been asked or ordered to do
▪ I asked the waitress to refill my coffee cup and she happily complied.  

— often + with 

▪ You still have not complied with our request. [=have not done what we requested you to do]

 

 

2013.12.23 word (week16-1)

1.morsel(n.)

[count] : a small piece of food
▪ She ate every morsel. ▪ a tasty/delicious morsel

 — often used figuratively ▪ a juicy morsel of gossip

 

2.taint(v.)

[+ obj] 1) : to hurt or damage the good condition of (something)

 — often used as (be) tainted ▪ The reputation of the university has been tainted [=blemished, marred] by athletic scandals.

2) : to make (something) dangerous or dirty especially by adding something harmful or undesirable to it
▪ Bacteria had tainted [=contaminated, spoiled] the meat.

— often used as (be) tainted 

▪ The water had been tainted by pesticides.

*tainted (a.)
▪ tainted food

 

3.vaterant(n.)

[count] 1) : someone who fought in a war as a soldier, sailor, etc.
▪ a Navy veteran —called also (US, informal) vet

2) : someone who has a lot of experience in a particular activity, job, etc. 
▪ He's a 10-year veteran with/of the team.

*veteran (adj.)
▪ a veteran politician ▪ veteran police officers

 

4.deputy(n.)

[count] 1) : an important assistant who helps the person who the leader of a government, organization, etc.
▪ (US) a sheriff's deputy [=an assistant who helps a sheriff enforce the law]

— often used before another noun 

▪ a deputy sheriff ▪ She's now the department's deputy director. ▪ a deputy mayor

2) : a member of Parliament in some countries

 

5.pathological(a.)

1) : extreme in a way that is not normal or that shows an illness or mental problem
▪ He is a pathological liar/gambler. ▪ She has a pathological fear of heights.

2) medical : relating to or caused by disease
▪ a pathological condition ▪ pathological changes in the body

3) technical : of or relating to the study of diseases : relating to pathology
▪ a pathological study ▪ pathological research/findings

* pathologically (adv.)
▪ a pathologically greedy person

2013.12.20 word (week15-5)

1.groundbreaking(a.)

[more groundbreaking; most groundbreaking] : introducing new ideas or methods
▪ She was honored for her groundbreaking work in nuclear physics.

▪ a groundbreaking new book

 

2.gauge(n.)

1) [count] : an instrument that is used for measuring something
▪ a temperature/rain gauge ▪ the fuel/gas gauge

2) [count] : something that can be used to measure or judge something else

 — usually singular — often + of 

▪ He does not believe that these tests are an accurate gauge of intelligence. 

3) [noncount] : the distance between the rails of a railroad 

▪ a standard/broad/narrow gauge railroad

4) [noncount] : the thickness of something (such as a sheet of metal) or the diameter of wire or a screw 

▪ 20-gauge wire

▪ heavy gauge aluminum

5) [noncount] : the size of a shotgun based on how big the inside of the barrel is
▪ a 12-gauge shotgun

3.nerd(n.)

[count] informal + usually disapproving

1) : a person who behaves awkwardly around other people and usually has unstylish clothes, hair, etc.
▪ He dresses like a nerd.

2) : a person who is very interested in technical subjects, computers, etc.
▪ My brother is a computer nerd. [=geek] ▪ a grammar nerd

 

 *nerdiness (n.)
▪ She was embarrassed by her sister's nerdiness.

* nerdish   (a.)

▪ a nerdish teenager

 

*nerdy (a.)

▪ She wears nerdy glasses. ▪ He plays a nerdy scientist in the movie.

 

4.dabble(v.)

1) [no obj] : to take part in an activity in a way that is not serious 

 — usually + in 

 ▪ She works as an accountant but dabbles in poetry.  

2) : to play or move around in water

[no obj] ▪ The ducks dabbled in the stream.

[+ obj] ▪ She sat by the pool, dabbling her feet in the cool water.

 

*dabbler ( n.)

[count] ▪ a dabbler in politics

 

5.underdog(n.)

[count] 1) : a person, team, etc., that is expected to lose a contest or battle
▪ I always root for the underdog instead of the favorite.

2)  : a less powerful person or thing that struggles against a more powerful person or thing (such as a corporation)
▪ As a lawyer, she consistently represented the underdog.

2013.12.19 word (week15-4)

1. encumber(v.)

[+ obj] somewhat formal 1)  : to make (someone or something) hold or carry something heavy — usually used as (be) encumbered 

 ▪ We were encumbered by our heavy coats and boots.

 ▪ encumbered [=burdened] by equipment and supplies

  — often used figuratively

 ▪ The company is encumbered with debt.

2) : to cause problems or difficulties for (someone or something)
▪ These rules will only encumber the people we're trying to help. 

▪ Lack of funding has encumbered the project.

 — usually used as (be) encumbered 

▪ Peace talks have been encumbered by a mutual lack of trust.

*encumbrance  (n.)  [count]
▪ the encumbrances of equipment and supplies  

▪ These rules will only be an encumbrance.

2. partridge (n.)

[count] : a brown bird with a round body and short tail that is often hunted for food and sport

 

3.preoccupation(n.)

 

[count] 1) : a state in which you give all your attention to something

 — usually + with

▪ I don't understand her preoccupation with her appearance.

2)  : something that you give all or most of your attention to
▪ We need to better understand the problems and preoccupations of our clients.

4.synchronous(a.)
formal + technical : happening, moving, or existing at the same time
▪ synchronous developments/movements

5.wholesome(a.)

 

[more wholesome; most wholesome] 

1) : helping to keep your body healthy : good for your health
▪ wholesome [=healthy, nutritious] meals/snacks

▪ a wholesome dish made with vegetables

▪ a wholesome diet

2)

a : morally good
▪ wholesome family values

▪ less-than-wholesome entertainment that wasn't appropriate for children
b : suggesting good health or behavior
▪ a young actor known for his wholesome good looks

*wholesomeness (n.)[noncount]

2013.12.18 word (week15-3)

1.compartment

[count]
1) : an enclosed space or area that is usually part of something larger and is often used to hold a specific thing
▪ The suitcase has a zippered compartment for personal items.

2) : one of the separate areas of an automobile, train, or airplane 

▪ the baggage compartments ▪ the passenger compartment ▪ the engine compartment
 

 

*compartmental (a.)
▪ a compartmental design

*compartmented  (a.)
▪ compartmented metal trays [=metal trays that have separate compartments]

2.aptly(a.)

[or more apt; most apt]

1 ) : likely to do something : having a tendency to do something

 — followed by to + verb 

 ▪ Don't wake him; he's apt to become angry.

2) : appropriate or suitable
 ▪ “Stripe” is an apt name for the cat, since she has striped fur.

3) : quick to learn
▪ a very apt student/pupil

 

*aptly ( adv.)
▪ The cat is aptly named “Stripe.”

*aptness (n.)

[noncount]
▪ the aptness of the remarks

 

3.spinoff(n.)

[count] 1) : a television program, movie, book, etc., that is based on characters from another television program, movie, book, etc. 

▪ a spin-off of a hit TV show ▪ The comic book is a spin-off of the movie.

2) : a new company created by a large company
▪ companies that are spin-offs of large corporations

3) : something useful that results from work done to produce something else
▪ spin-offs [=by-products] of space research

 

4.ephemeral(a.)

[more ephemeral; most ephemeral] : lasting a very short time 

▪ His fame turned out to be ephemeral. [=short-lived]

5.endorse(v.)
[+ obj] 1 ) : to publicly or officially say that you support or approve of (someone or something)
▪ The newspaper has endorsed the conservative candidate for mayor.

2) : to publicly say that you like or use (a product or service) in exchange for money 
▪ That brand of sneaker is endorsed by several basketball stars.

3) : to write your name on the back of (a check)
▪ You must endorse the check before you deposit it in the bank.

4) Brit : to put information about a driving offense on (a person's driver's license)

 — usually used as (be) endorsed 

▪ His driving license was endorsed for speeding.

*endorser (n.)