2014. 06. 12 note:"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas" (week 17)

Note

1.suffix ending stands for the people
*artist
*teacher
*actor
*contestant、 protestant
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2."The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas"

•Variations on a theme by William James

•a 1973 short story by Ursula K. Le Guin

•a philosophical parable with a sparse plot featuring bare and abstract descriptions of characters

•the city of Omelas is the primary focus of the narrative: In the story, Omelas is a utopian city of happiness and delight, whose inhabitants are smart and cultured.

•Everything about Omelas is pleasing, except for the city's one atrocity: the good fortune of Omelas requires that a single unfortunate child be kept in perpetual filth, darkness and misery, and that all her citizens should be told of this upon coming of age.

•After being exposed to the truth, most of the people of Omelas are initially shocked and disgusted, but are ultimately able to come to terms with the fact and resolve to live their lives in such a manner as to make the suffering of the unfortunate child worth it.

•However, a few of the citizens, young and old, silently walk away from the city, and no one knows where they go.

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central idea

* one suffer for the people (scapegoat)
→  other examples
*Prometheus(lonely torture)

In Greek mythology, Prometheus is a Titan, culture hero, and trickster figure who is credited with the creation of man from clay, and who defies the gods and gives fire to humanity, an act that enabled progress and civilization. Prometheus is known for his intelligence and as a champion of mankind.
The punishment of Prometheus as a consequence of the theft is a major theme of his mythology, and is a popular subject of both ancient and modern art. Zeus, king of the Olympian gods, sentenced the Titan to eternal torment for his transgression. The immortal Prometheus was bound to a rock, where each day an eagle, the emblem of Zeus, was sent to feed on his liver, which would then grow back to be eaten again the next day. 
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2. No Man is an Island

No Man Is An Island ——John Donn 

No man is an island, 
entire of itself; 
every man is a piece of the continent, 
a part of the main; 

if a clod be washed away by the sea, 
Europe is the less, 
as well as if a promontory were, 
as well as if a manor of thy friend’s or of thine own were: 

any man’s death diminishes me, 
because I am involved in mankind, 
and therefore, 
never send to know for whom the bell tolls;                    →  (每人都應該享受這美好)
it tolls for thee. 
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没有谁是一座孤岛 ——约翰•多恩 

没有谁是一座孤岛， 
在大海里独踞； 
每个人都像一块小小的泥土， 
连接成整个陆地。 

如果有一块泥土被海水冲刷， 
欧洲就会失去一角， 
这如同一座山岬， 
也如同一座庄园， 
无论是你的还是你朋友的。 

无论谁死了， 
都是我的一部分在死去， 
因为我包含在人类这个概念里。 
因此， 
不要问丧钟为谁而鸣， 
丧钟为你而鸣。 
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3. "The Road Not Taken"

"The Road Not Taken" is a poem by Robert Frost, published in 1916 as the first poem in the collection Mountain Interval.

TWO roads diverged in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;

Then took the other, as just as fair,
And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Though as for that the passing there
Had worn them really about the same,

And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black.
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads on to way,
I doubted if I should ever come back.

I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence:
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference.

金色的樹林裡有兩條路岔路
可惜我不能沿著兩條路行走；
我久久地站在那分岔的地方
極目眺望其中一條路的盡頭；
直到它轉彎，消失在樹林深處。

然後我毅然踏上了另一條路，
這條路也許更值得我嚮往，
因為它荒草叢生，人跡罕至；
不過說到其冷清與荒涼，
兩條路幾乎是一模一樣。

那天早晨兩條路都鋪滿落葉，
落葉上都沒有被踩踏的痕跡。
唉，我把第一條路留給未來！
但我知道人世間阡陌縱橫，
我不知未來能否再回到那裡。

我將會一邊嘆息一邊敘說，
在某個地方，在很久很久以後；
曾有兩條小路在樹林中分手，
我選了一條人跡稀少的行走，
結果後來的一切都截然不同。

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4. The Lord of Flies

The book indicates that it takes place in the midst of an unspecified nuclear war. Some of the marooned characters are ordinary students, while others arrive as a musical choir under an established leader. Most (with the exception of the choirboys) appear never to have encountered one another before. The book portrays their descent into savagery; left to themselves in a paradisiacal country, far from modern civilisation, the well-educated children regress to a primitive state.

At an allegorical level, the central theme is the conflicting human impulses toward civilization—living by rules, peacefully and in harmony—and toward the will to power. Themes include the tension between groupthink and individuality, between rational and emotional reactions, and between morality and immorality. How these play out, and how different people feel the influences of these, form a major subtext of Lord of the Flies.

*exposition:

• cause: plane crashes, known beast
• resource: horn, pigs, glasses

*conflict:

• leadership
• humanity(savage, cruelty)
• minority

*climax:

beast/myth
    fear?
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Word

1.moss-grown 青苔

2.processions→ moving step, keep going

(the changing course of nature)

3.flutter 振翅飛翔

4.racecourse 賽跑場、水道

5.en- 

*encircle

*enlarge

6.Comfort zone 舒適圈