1. young adult fiction
*The subject matter and story lines of YA literature are typically consistent with the age and experience of the main character, but, beyond that, YA stories span the spectrum of fiction genres. Themes in YA stories often focus on the challenges of youth, sometimes referred to as problem novels or coming-of-age novels.
*the character, teenagers, often suffer the shortage and immaturity in physical, psychological and financial part.
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2.Hugo(2011 film)
Hugo is a 2011 3D historical adventure drama film based on Brian Selznick's novel The Invention of Hugo Cabret about a boy who lives alone in the Gare Montparnasse railway station in Paris.
Quotation:
Hugo Cabret: I'd imagine the whole world was one big machine. Machines never come with any extra parts, you know. They always come with the exact amount they need. So I figured, if the entire world was one big machine, I couldn't be an extra part. I had to be here for some reason. And that means you have to be here for some reason, too.
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3."The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas"
*"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas" is a 1973 short story by Ursula K. Le Guin.
*It is a philosophical parable with a sparse plot featuring bare and abstract descriptions of characters; the city of Omelas is the primary focus of the narrative
*"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas" was nominated for the Locus Award for Best Short Fiction in 1974[2] and won the Hugo Award for Best Short Story in 1974[3]
*plot summary
In the story, Omelas is a utopian city of happiness and delight, whose inhabitants are intelligent and cultured. Readers cannot be sure of every particular, because the narrator warns, "Omelas sounds in my words like a city in a fairy tale, long ago and far away, once upon a time. Perhaps it would be best if you imagined it as your own fancy bids, assuming it will rise to the occasion, for certainly I cannot suit you all."[6] Everything about Omelas is pleasing, except for the city's one atrocity: the good fortune of Omelas requires that a single unfortunate child be kept in perpetual filth, darkness and misery, and that all her citizens should be told of this upon coming of age.
After being exposed to the truth, most of the people of Omelas are initially shocked and disgusted, but are ultimately able to come to terms with the fact and resolve to live their lives in such a manner as to make the suffering of the unfortunate child acceptable. However, a few citizens, young and old, silently walk away from the city, and no one knows where they go. The story ends with "The place they go towards is a place even less imaginable to most of us than the city of happiness. I cannot describe it at all. It is possible it does not exist. But they seem to know where they are going, the ones who walk away from Omelas."
*"The central idea of this psychomyth, the scapegoat", writes Le Guin
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4. Ursula K. Le Guin.
Ursula Kroeber Le Guin is an American author of novels, children's books, and short stories, mainly in the genres of fantasy and science fiction. She has also written poetry and essays. First published in the 1960s, her work has often depicted futuristic or imaginary alternative worlds in politics, natural environment, gender, religion, sexuality and ethnography.
*She has won the Hugo Award, Nebula Award, Locus Award, and World Fantasy Award, each more than once.[2][7]
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5. Hugo Awards
The Hugo Awards are a set of awards given annually for the best science fiction or fantasy works and achievements of the previous year.
*One of the most prestigious science fiction awards, the Hugo Awards have been termed as "among the highest honors bestowed in science fiction and fantasy writing".[1] Works that have won have been published in special collections, and the official logo of the Hugo Awards is often placed on the winning books' cover as a promotional tool.
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6.the first three well- known fantasy works:
- The Lord of Rings from J. R. R. Tolkien
- The Chronicles of Narnia from C. S. Lewis
- Earthsea Cycle from Ursula K. Le Guin
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7.scapegoat
In modern usage a scapegoat is an individual, group, or country singled out for unmerited negative treatment or blame.[1] A whipping boy, "fall guy" or "patsy" is a form of scapegoat.
For example:
Jesus Christ
In Christianity this process prefigures the sacrifice of Christ on the cross through which God has been propitiated and sins can be expiated. Jesus Christ is seen to have fulfilled all of the Biblical "types" - the High Priest who officiates at the ceremony, the Lord's goat that deals with the pollution of sin and the scapegoat that removes the "burden of sin". Christians believe that sinners who own their guilt and confess their sins, exercising faith and trust in the person and sacrifice of Jesus, are forgiven their sins.
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8.City of Ember
City of Ember is a 2008 British-Irish-American science fiction fantasy film based on the 2003 novel The City of Ember by Jeanne DuPrau.
*The storyline:
When mankind is about to come to an end, a group of scientists decide to create and populate a city deep underground. The city of Ember is to last for 200 years after which its inhabitants are to retrieve from a strong box instructions to return to the surface. Over time however, the message is lost and life in Ember is rapidly deteriorating. Their power supply is failing and food is being rationed. It's left to two young adults to unearth the secret of Ember and to lead the way out.
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9.The Purple Rose of Cairo
1930 年代，美國經濟大蕭條，卻也是電影的黃金時代。銀幕上的衣香鬢影、浪漫奇遇，成了人們逃避現實、寄託幻想的烏托邦。但應該沒有人比得上西西莉亞（米亞法蘿），她總是樂此不疲地重看同一部片而不嫌膩。某天，當現實的打擊讓她噙著眼淚再度躲進戲院，在這座避風港裡重溫《開羅紫玫瑰》這部奇情浪漫冒險喜劇，比電影更離奇的事情發生了：《開》片一個叫做湯姆（傑夫丹尼爾）的角色，竟然為了她，走出銀幕、跨進真實。
A lonely Depression-era waitress Cecilia trapped in an unhappy marriage searches for escape of her drab life by going to the movies over and over. Much to her surprise, the young archaeologist Tom Baxter in the movie steps off the screen into her life, for real! Things get complicated when Gil, the actor who plays Tom, also jumps in this love triangle. Is Cecilia wise enough to make the right decision choosing between them? Or is it inevitably an illusionary fantasy?
有人問我為什麼不讓結局圓滿一點，這會讓電影更賣座。
我的回答是：我就是為這個結局才拍這部電影的。— 伍迪艾倫
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10. Dystopia
classical work
→Brave New World is a novel written in 1931 by Aldous Huxley and published in 1932.
→Brave New World's title derives from Miranda's speech in William Shakespeare's The Tempest, Act V, Scene I:[4]
O wonder!
How many goodly creatures are there here!
How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world,
That has such people in't.
This line itself is ironic; Miranda was raised for most of her life on an isolated island, and the only people she ever knew were her father and his servants, an enslaved savage, and spirits, notably Ariel. When she sees other people for the first time, she is understandably overcome with excitement, and utters, among other praise, the famous line above. However, what she is actually observing is not men acting in a refined or civilised manner, but rather drunken sailors staggering off the wreckage of their ship. Huxley employs the same irony when the "savage" John refers to what he sees as a "brave new world".
2) Animal Farm
Animal Farm is an allegorical and dystopian novel by George Orwell, published in England on 17 August 1945. According to Orwell, the book reflects events leading up to the Russian Revolution of 1917 and then on into the Stalin era in the Soviet Union.[1] Orwell, ademocratic socialist,[2] was a critic of Joseph Stalin and hostile to Moscow-directed Stalinism, an attitude that was critically shaped by his experiences during the Spanish Civil War.[3] The Soviet Union, he believed, had become a brutal dictatorship, built upon a cult of personality and enforced by a reign of terror. In a letter to Yvonne Davet, Orwell described Animal Farm as a satirical tale against Stalin "un conte satirique contre Staline",[4] and in his essay "Why I Write" (1946), he wrote that Animal Farm was the first book in which he had tried, with full consciousness of what he was doing, "to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole".
3)Nineteen Eighty-Four
Nineteen Eighty-Four, sometimes published as 1984, is a dystopian novel by George Orwell published in 1949.[1][2] The novel is setin Airstrip One (formerly known as Great Britain), a province of the superstate Oceania in a world of perpetual war, omnipresent government surveillance, and public manipulation, dictated by a political system euphemistically named English Socialism (or Ingsoc in the government's invented language, Newspeak) under the control of a privileged Inner Party elite that persecutes all individualismand independent thinking as "thoughtcrimes".[3]
*Big Brother is a fictional character in George Orwell's novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. He is the enigmatic dictator ofOceania, a totalitarian state wherein the ruling Party wields total power "for its own sake" over the inhabitants.
In the society that Orwell describes, every citizen is under constant surveillance by the authorities, mainly bytelescreens. The people are constantly reminded of this by the phrase "Big Brother is watching you", the maxim ubiquitous on display. However, in the nature of doublethink, this phrase is also meant to mean that Big Brother is a benevolent protector of all citizens.
Since the publication of Nineteen Eighty-Four, the term "Big Brother" has entered the lexicon as a synonym for abuse of government power, particularly in respect to civil liberties, often specifically related to mass surveillance.
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11.The Island
The Island is a 2005 American science fiction/thriller film directed by Michael Bay, starring Ewan McGregor and Scarlett Johansson.
*It is described as a pastiche of "escape-from-dystopia" science fiction films of the 1960s and 1970s such as Fahrenheit 451, THX 1138, Parts: The Clonus Horror, and Logan's Run. The film's plot revolves around the struggle of Ewan McGregor's character to fit into the highly structured world he lives in, isolated in a compound, and the series of events that unfold when he questions how truthful that world really is. After he learns that the compound inhabitants are clones who are used for organ harvesting andsurrogate motherhood for wealthy people in the outside world, he escapes.
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12.Demolition Man
Demolition Man is a 1993 American science fiction action film directed by Marco Brambilla in his directorial debut.
*The film tells the story of two men: an evil crime lord and a risk-taking police officer. Restored to life in the year 2032, both having been cryogenically frozen in 1996, they find mainstream society changed and all crime seeming to have been eliminated.
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Word
1. keep sth,
- keep the record
- keep the journal
- keep(break, make) the promise
- kept woman(被包養的女人)
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