1) Advent
Advent is a season observed in many Western Christian churches as a time of expectant waiting and preparation for the celebration of the Nativity of Jesus at Christmas. The term is an anglicized version of the Latin word adventus, meaning "coming".
*Traditions
The theme of readings and teachings during Advent is often the preparation for the Second Coming while commemorating the First Coming of Christ at Christmas.
→ second coming
In Christianity, the Second Coming, sometimes called the second advent of Christ or the parousia, is the anticipated return of Jesus to Earth. The belief is based on prophecies found in the canonical gospels and is part of most Christian eschatologies.
→The Second Coming (poem)
The Second Coming
Turning and turning in the widening gyre
The falcon cannot hear the falconer;
Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold;
Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world,
The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere
The ceremony of innocence is drowned;
The best lack all conviction, while the worst
Are full of passionate intensity.
Surely some revelation is at hand;
Surely the Second Coming is at hand.
The Second Coming! Hardly are those words out
When a vast image out of Spiritus Mundi
Troubles my sight: somewhere in sands of the desert
A shape with lion body and the head of a man,
A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun,
Is moving its slow thighs, while all about it
Reel shadows of the indignant desert birds.
The darkness drops again; but now I know
That twenty centuries of stony sleep
Were vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle,
And what rough beast, its hour come round at last,
Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born?
*Liturgical colors
The usual liturgical color in Western Christianity for Advent is either purple or blue.[8] The purple color is often used for hangings around the church, the vestments of the clergy, and often also the tabernacle. In some Christian denominations, blue, a color representing hope, is an alternative liturgical color for Advent, a custom traced to the usage of the Church of Sweden (Lutheran) and the medieval Sarum Rite in England.
→purple: standing for victory/ royal color
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2) Lost Generation v.s. Beat Generation
* Lost Generation
The "Lost Generation" was the generation that came of age during World War I. The term was popularized by Ernest Hemingway, who used it as one of two contrasting epigraphs for his novel, The Sun Also Rises. In that volume Hemingway credits the phrase to Gertrude Stein, who was then his mentor and patron. This generation included distinguished artists such as F. Scott Fitzgerald,[2] T. S. Eliot, John Dos Passos, Waldo Peirce, Isadora Duncan, Abraham Walkowitz, Alan Seeger, and Erich Maria Remarque.
*Beat Generation
The Beat Generation was a group of American post-World War II writers who came to prominence in the 1950s, as well as the cultural phenomena that they both documented and inspired. Central elements of "Beat" culture: rejection of received standards, innovations in style, use of illegal drugs, alternative sexualities, an interest in religion, a rejection of materialism, and explicit portrayals of the human condition.[1]
Allen Ginsberg's Howl (1956), William S. Burroughs's Naked Lunch (1959) and Jack Kerouac's On the Road (1957) are among the best known examples of Beat literature.
The original "Beat Generation" writers met in New York. Later, in the mid-1950s, the central figures (with the exception of Burroughs) ended up together in San Francisco where they met and became friends of figures associated with the San Francisco Renaissance.
In the 1960s, elements of the expanding Beat movement were incorporated into the hippie and larger counterculture movements.
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3) Book of Revelation (啟示錄)
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4) James Joyce
James Augustine[1] Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an Irish novelist and poet, considered to be one of the most influential writers in the modernist avant-garde of the early 20th century.
* Araby
"Araby" is a short story by James Joyce published in his 1914 collection Dubliners.
"Araby" touches on a great number of themes:
- coming of age
- the loss of innocence
- the life of the mind versus poverty (both physical and intellectual)
- the consequences of idealization
- the Catholic Church's influence to make Dublin a place of asceticism where desire and sensuality are seen as immoral[2]
- the pain that often comes when one encounters love in reality instead of its elevated form
- paralysis
These themes build on one another entirely through the thoughts of the young boy, who is portrayed by the first-person narrator, who writes from memory.
It is considered to be one of the most important works of modernist literature, and has been called "a demonstration and summation of the entire movement".[2] According to Declan Kiberd, "Before Joyce, no writer of fiction had so foregrounded the process of thinking."[3] However, even proponents of Ulysses such as Anthony Burgess have described the book as "inimitable, and also possibly mad".
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5) The Fall of The House of Usher
*tarn: 潭
*alliteration: 押頭韻
Alliteration is a stylistic literary device identified by the repeated sound of the first consonant in a series of multiple words, or the repetition of the same sounds or of the same kinds of sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables of a phrase.
*Gothic: 哥德式
Milan Cathedral
Notre Dame
(e.g., Jane Eyre/ Dracula/ Frankenstein)
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Word:
1) advent- ...前面;到來
*Advent:in the Christian religion : the period of time beginning four Sundays before Christmas
→Our church is holding some special services during Advent.2) marshmallow :棉花糖
3) caroling :報佳音
4) mistletoe
5) hideous: 厭惡的
6) ebony: 潔白的
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